Know Your UTP cable (unshielded Twisted Pair)

Know Your UTP cable (unshielded Twisted Pair)
For the pengen learn about networking, especially to get guidance on UTP cable, please read the following article. I try to present this paper with my own language to make it more understandable than the English-language texts that for some people it confusing. At least this article can be remotely guide a friend of mine who need information about the network cable. Really?
Previously, I have to say once again that these records are public and are intended to provide simple instructions easier to understand about the technology or the network cable is often called the UTP cable (unshielded Twisted Pair). This review is not absolute and is not intended to replace technical guidelines, training modules or lecture material. If you are not familiar and comfortable with the term, language and any conversion that I use here, please consult a professional practitioner or you know who you think is more qualified.
Well, let's get started
Types of UTP Cable
There are different types of standard UTP cable that is widely used for audio and data communications. UTP grouped with the term "Category" and therefore the type name begins with UTP CAT (derived from the word "Category"). The higher the category, the more tightly-eight twist to the existing wire pairs in UTP cable insulation. The more meetings this cable winding, means the higher the effective bandwidth and capacity output can be achieved. The higher categories also means that the farther the signal coverage also can be distributed by cable and the smaller the risk of loss of signal.
Data cable networks, analog or digital, can be exactly analogous to the pipeline taps as a water distributor network. Logically the greater the volume of water that will be distributed, the greater the pipe to be provided. Because we all understand that in theory, a large pipe to channel a large volume of water also.
But there is one more important insight is interesting to be observed. In data networks, if there is one point in the circuit or network for something to be slow, then usually the whole circuit or network will be affected. In the example of water analogy, if you have a pipe sizes 4 "to channel water from one point to another, water will flow to the stable in the far distance.
But if the water flows through a pipe a few meters measuring 4 ", then there is a small part narrowed into size 1" then the automatic output of water received by the other end of the pipe is only for the volume of water that can pass through the pipe 1 ", even after further enlarged again to 4 ". With the case also in the network. If you have a network designed for data transfer speed of 100Mbps with you but a small mistake by choosing the wrong cable, cut the wrong wire, or a connector with a low quality then the whole network will be slow. This speed decrease speed is locked at the lowest point of the entire network connection. In the hardware world this condition is often referred to as the bottle-neck.
Trus how to choose the right cable? Please look at category UTP cables that many outstanding following:
CAT3
Category 3 cable is the standard cable used in the telecommunications industry. Over the past few years this type of cable is still used extensively throughout the telecommunications industry. This type of cable can carry data at speeds greater than 10Mbps. For the purposes of data transfer in an audio circuit or low-speed data transfer is usually sufficient to use the type of cable CAT3.
Categories of this cable is a favorite destination because it is relatively inexpensive and available in a variety of options in terms of core content in 1 unit of cable UTP cable. There are several options that cable can be selected according to needs. There is a 2-pairs containing, 4-pair, 6-pair, 16-pair, 25-pair even more. Conductors in the cable consists of several pairs of wire wound around the cable insulation is equipped with a color code. Color code from an existing cable pair on CAT3 begins with "white / blue" as the first pair
and continued with the color code chart order according to the number of cable pairs.
CAT5
Category 5 cable was selected as the standard UTP cable the first time since the popular and UTP cable used for network communication applications / data. CAT5 cable usually consists of four pairs of wires. This cable is designed for data applications up to 100MHz. But, although UTP data cable commonly called "CAT5 cable", Do not mistake the CAT5 with CAT5E. CAT5 cable is identical except that CAT5E Cable CAT5E cable has a standard of uniformity and density of the loop pair higher cable.
CAT5E
Cable Category 5E is a new industry standard for UTP data cable installation. These cables are usually composed of four pairs of wires. Rating CAT5E cable bandwidth is 100Mbps, but can achieve maximum bandwidth 1000Mbps if installed with strict quality standards. Currently CAT5E is the new standard for all construction UTP cable. Therefore the current CAT5E cables are widely available with a higher quality than the CAT5 to the base price is almost the same as CAT5. Even some companies have stopped using CAT5 cable in the installation of their network.
CAT6
Cable category 6 UTP cable is standard with the highest official certification. This cable is identical to CAT5E but meets more stringent standards is not just about the density of loops of each pair of wires but also includes the distribution of data, the protective insulation of wires and each pair of wires. With a tighter twist, plus the better the insulation and separation of each pair of wires the lower the noise or signal loss that can CAT6 channel data with the highest bandwidth in its class. CAT6 cable usually consists of four pairs of copper wires. If you perform a network installation or 1000Mbps Gigabit LAN, no other choice, this type of UTP cable should be used.
Plenum Rated Cable
Plenum rating is the value assigned to the cable with a special coating which when burned will produce harmful substances in the air less. This is in bad condition when there is a fire. This cable type is usually more expensive than standard cable "Riser". Therefore, before starting the installation cable, you'll want to check the condition of the building to determine whether the cable Plenum Rated Cable must be used. Images on this side is one example of a Plenum cable rating.
Cross Cable
Cable Category 3 with a single pair and 2 pairs of wires without protection is very cheap and sold in various colors varied.
This cable is an industry standard that can be used to "cross connections" from one block to another block. This type of cable used to connect secure telecommunication lines between the circuit but not good for high-speed data applications.
Well, already you know the difference Inter UTP Cable Type? Now Just choose which type of cable according to your network connection. Select the type of cable with a wise and do not just fascinated by the lure of low prices. Your hard work is determined from the moment you select the right cable for your network. If you've decided, you can start making connections Straight Cable and Cross Cable to suit your needs.

Cable Type

UTP cable
The main article for this section are: Twisted pair
UTP stands for unshielded Twisted Pair. This cable is made of twisted copper constructed. Unshielded Twisted Pair cable consists of 4 pairs of twisted copper wire that was coated (unshield) and insulators. UTP cable is commonly used on computer networks commonly referred to as LAN (Local Area Network). UTP cable properties are able to accommodate the likely short-distance, speed limited and relatively cheap price. Examples of types of UTP cable is a CAT 1, CAT 2, CAT 3, CAT 5, CAT 6.
[edit] Coaxial Cable
The main article for this section are: Coaxial cable
Coaxial cable is a type of cable capable of transmitting messages in the form of data, sound waves, video and multimedia. Coaxial cable consists of conductors (cable core conductor of the data), insulating the inside, and outside insulation. These cables can usually be found on television. Forms of data in the form of television pictures and sound can be a good process by this coaxial cable. Coaxial cable is made of copper. However, what distinguishes the UTP cable is a cable construction and form larger ones. Coaxial cable is the greater, the greater the data transmission capacity that can be done. Coaxial cables of this nature is the ability to accommodate longer distances than UTP, higher speed, and more expensive. Examples of types of coaxial cable is RG - 58 A / U, RG - 6, RG -8.
[edit] Fiber optic
The main article for this section are: Fiber optics
Fiber optics is the type of cable that uses the power of light to transmit data. This cable can process analog signals as well as fiber optics digital.Kabel consists of a cylindrical core and the outer cylinder (cylinder wrapping the core). Lack of fiber optics is the price and installation costs are relatively expensive. Excess optical fiber is capable of transmitting data over long distances, the data capacity of a much larger, forms a relatively small, high speed, not susceptible to interference, and basic materials (glass) that can be updated. Therefore, often referred to as fiber optic cable's future. Examples of fiber optic cables are Fiber Optic Single Mode and Multi Mode Fiber Optic.
[edit] Usage

This data cable operations applied in the use of the Internet, data transmission applications hp - computers, cameras - computers, television, video conferencing, computer application, CCTV, and Facsimile. Use this data cable used to transmit data with a large capacity and relatively long distances.
Unlike ordinary cables, data cable has a function to deliver information and data in the form of sound waves. Data is a form of information that are vulnerable to disruption. If the data ditranmisikan blocked or disorder, the risk of data transmitted to change the meaning and even stopped (error). Another case with the transmission of sound waves that can still be improved with the shift position manually. More waves have a higher flexibility when compared with the static nature of data and systematic. Therefore, to transmit different types of data that needed a special cable data cable.
To accommodate and to support data and sound waves for general wire telephone network still use UTP cable CAT 1. In accordance with the development of the CAT2 UTP cable - CAT 6, then the quality of data transmission are also increasingly baik.Sedangkan on Coaxial cable, a data packet, a wave of sound, video, multimedia to be transmitted. Broadband network that can accommodate various types of data in one [[channel]] is an appropriate use of this Coaxial cable. Coaxial cable application on cable television is one example.
Among the unshielded Twisted Pair cable (UTP) and Coaxial cable can only be used on a LAN (Local Area Network) and a broadband network pengakomodasi course, fiber-optic cable network is able to accommodate the backbone (spine). This looks at the use of fiber optics in the WAN (Wide Area Network). One fiber optic cable applications are in video conferencing technology that requires high speed on long distances.

Electric motors

Electric motor is a tool to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. The instrument works on the other hand, changing mechanical energy into electrical energy is called the generator or dynamo. Electric motors can be found in household appliances such as fans, washing machines, water pumps and vacuum cleaners.
Electric motors commonly used in the industry is asynchronous electric motor, with the two global standards of IEC and NEMA. Asynchronous motor based IEC metric (millimeters), while the NEMA electric motors based imperial (inch), the application is the unit of power in horsepower (hp) or kilowatt (kW).
IEC electric motors are divided into several classes according to efficiency gains, as standard in the EU, this class division became EFF1, EFF2 and EFF3. Electric motors EFF1 is the most efficient, least waste of energy, while EFF3 was not permitted within the EU, because wasting fuel in power stations and will automatically cause the most carbon emissions, so it is more polluting.
Applicable standard is IEC IEC 34-1, this is a standard governing the electric-powered rotating equipment. There are lots of electric motor manufacturers, but only some actually follow the directions IEC 34-1 and following directions from the EU-level efficiency.
Many manufacturers of electric motors do not follow IEC standards and the EU so that their products become cheaper and more were sold, many developing countries manjdi market for these products, which in the long-term users of financial waste, because the electric bill higher and higher every year.
Institutions that regulate and ensure the efficiency level is CEMEP, a European consortium, founded by the factories of leading electric motors, in order to save the environment by reducing carbon pollution globally, because a lot of wasted power in the use of electrical load.
For example, in an average industrial electricity consumption for electric motors is about 65-70% of the total cost of electricity, so using an efficient electric motor that will reduce overhead costs of production, thus raising product competitiveness, especially with the increase in electricity tariff every year , then the use of electric motors is time EFF1 becomes necessary.
[edit] The principle of electric motors work



The principle of electric motors work
In the electric motor electric power converted into mechanical energy. This change is done by converting electricity into magnetism known as electro-magnets. As we know that: the poles of the namesake magnet will repel the poles and not namesake, of attraction. So we can get the movement if we put a magnet on a shaft that can spin, and another magnet in a fixed position.

BASIC KNOWLEDGE electricity

Understanding electricity

In the electricity will be generated by static electricity generated by rubbing a glass, think of it as a magic item from it then a lot of theories that grew and now the theory is accepted and is called "electron theory" that arose around 1900. The end of the eighteenth century when it was first discovered by a power source that Galvani Volta possible to study the effect of kelistrikannya regulated by specific laws that may be to quantify the effect. An electric current can be equated with a liquid in a pipe when a conductor is connected to the pole-pole current source. Electric current is the flow of electricity flowing through the conductor and consumer-consumer on a closed circuit. Electric current effect in the conductor and the consumer. Current direction The direction of electric current flowing from the pole-pole through a series of positive electricity to the negative pole. Current direction contrary to the flow of electrons in accordance with the theory of electron motion from the negative pole through the electrical circuit to the positive pole. To note that when an electric current flows in one direction so that together with electrons flow the opposite direction. As a result of electricity 1. Heat effect A wire when the current route will be hot. On the effects of motor vehicle technology, this heat is used for example in incandescent spark plugs for diesel motors, electric heaters vehicle rear window, cigarette and heating coils in which the incandescent filament is heated to a high temperature so as to remove the light. 2. Magnetic effects of electricity The electric current flowing through a conductor in a magnetic field created around the conductor, this vehicle component dimanfatkan, for example: regulator, stater relay, ignition coil and sebaginya. 3. Chemical effects of electricity An electric current causes a reaction when the flow through an electrolyte, such as liquid oxygen or salt. The vehicle battery is a component of chemical effects caused by electricity, the electric current on the battery caused by a chemical reaction. Direct current (DC) and the flow back and forth (AC) Direct current (DC) is a type of current that always has the same direction of current through an electric circuit, it is a situation where a power source in a series of poles that have not changed the direction of producing voltage (DC). Alternating current (AC) is a type of flow that has alternating directions because the source of electric current produces a voltage alternating current source of electricity for producing alternating voltage (alternating voltage). Electrical systems in motor vehicles using direct current, the electricity comes from alternating current by using the "inverter". On motor vehicles using the AC generator (alternator) needs to change alternating current if the alternator as used on these vehicles. Magnetism Magnetism is the nature of the magnetic and electric currents can produce a force field, the magnetic properties is able to pull things (iron), magnetism required for the starter generator and other components. 1. Permanent Magnet (Fixed) All magnets have north and south poles, the field consists of magnetic force lines of magnetic force that ad between the poles of magnetic force lines, starting from the magnetic north pole to south pole magnets. Compass needle indicates the direction of lines of force. Among the magnetic poles of the U field is more concentrated force because the distance between the poles shorter. The more narrow the distance between the magnetic pole concentrated magnetic force field. 2. Electromagnet A conductor of a current which is surrounded by a magnetic field with lines of force uniformly along the conductor around. Conductor has no north and south poles. The lines of work force to the upper-right corner is used as conductor for current measurement on the starter cord, a simple ammeter, starter current indicators are placed outside the wire and the magnetic field moving the instrument. Direction of movement of lines of force around the conductor can be determined by using a variety of conditions (rules). One of the spiral path is the rule and field arh bersaman style with putarn right direction from the direction of current in the conductor. 3. Magnet effects When two permanently stationed megnet opposite poles, the magnet will attract each other iotu. If the magnet was removed with fellow polar magnet will reject each other (separate). Opposite poles attract, the namesake poles repel. 4. The influence of the forces in the conductor currents When the current flows in the opposite direction on two parallel wires, the lines of force leads to a place that delivered sam and Childrens magnetic conductor will be tense, the magnetic field conductor-conductor refused it. These symptoms are used on all electric motors, which is conducting the magnetic field between two poles, and given that the flow of the conductor will move. Several parallel conductor carrying current in one direction, making a general magnetic field, like many of the components. As examples of such a coil on the ignition coil, coil shoes at the DC generator, the coils at a alternator generator. 5. Magnetic field around the coil Magnetic field will be generated around the coil through the current rolls, coil it has north and south poles like a permanent bar magnet, the poles of the coil's (coil) depending on the direction of flow and can be determined using the right-hand arguments. Hold the coil in the right hand, the fingers indicate the direction and flow of the thumb indicates the north pole. If a piece of iron is used as the core software that kunparan strong magnetic field increased several hundred times, because the iron core of a good conductor for lines of magnetic force, while the air is not a good conductor. Electric magnetic field strength depends on the number of windings on the coils and the amount of current through the coil it. Electricity Instruments Here there are three types of instruments, namely 1. Moving coil instrument 2. Moving iron instrument 3. Moving magnet instrument Further explanation is as follows: a) Moving coil instrument Moving coil instrument is a rectangular coil placed on an axis with a bearing that can rotate in between the poles of a magnet, attached to the needle axis, and if there is no voltage to the instrument pointer is at position 0 (zero) caused by the spring rolls ( coil spring). Flow from the positive pole to the moving coil through the spring rolls. Magnetic field generated around the moving coil associated with the magnetic field force between the magnetic poles, causing moving coil moving. Such instruments are widely used in vehicle testing equipment. As with moving coil voltmeter instrument, the instrument is equipped with series resistors connected to the prisoner calculated in relation to prisoners moving coil. b) Moving Iron instruments Moving iron instrument which has a coil megnetnya field effect to a soft iron Vane, Vane was placed on the axis of the needle and pulled a small further increase if the current large-scale irregular due to the magnetic state. The first part of the scale with a short-distance division, this instrument is suitable for DC and AC currents. c) Moving Magnet instrument Vane of a soft metal attached to the needle axis and placed between the magnetic poles hoof. Armature position is determined by the field of magnetic force and magnetic field which is generated by the current through the coil. When current flows through the coil it will spin Vane and distorted currents. The instrument is used amperemeter As with electrical systems, he showed charge (fill) or not a charge but it was not a precision instrument. This is a reading for friends who want to know about a little about electricity. good luck.